"BEARING ACROSS:" The Art of Translation

“The word 'translation' comes, etymologically, from the Latin for 'bearing across'. Having been borne across the world, we are translated men. It is normally supposed that something always gets lost in translation; I cling, obstinately to the notion that something can also be gained.” ~Salman Rushdie

Walt Disney tells us that it's a small world after all.  Well, it still costs over $1,200 to cross the Atlantic to Europe,  and going through customs can feel like an eternity, but the fact that we can go halfway across the world in a matter of nine hours is nothing short of miraculous.  The fact that a journey that used to take months now takes about five hours on an airplane is also pretty amazing.  Maybe Walt Disney has a valid point.

Now consider that in a few hours, at a well lit desk, a literary translator can open up a whole new world for the reader--a world that may previously have been a cultural mystery.  

So, as we are deeply involved in the study of human language, I thought perhaps it might be interesting to look at some of the occupations that specifically fall within the area of language and communication.  One of those occupations is a literary translator; a job that is projected to grow 46% over the next seven years!  So, what are the requirements of the job?  Well, for starters,  you need to be fluent in two languages, and familiar with the cultures (including the values, norms, idioms & expressions) of which those languages are a part.  As of 2013, the median salary was $42,420 annually on average, but with experience and the right literary connections, the salary can triple, making it quite lucrative!

So, what are the duties of a translator?  Well, to start, many book translators choose novels they admire to translate. Therefore, they must develop a knack for choosing exceptional novels and authors that publishers will want to publish. 

Book translators are constantly sharpening their writing and translating skills by practicing translation using various literary works. When translating a book, book translators may read through the text several times to ensure they grasp the book's concept, plot and theme, identify and preserve the author's voice, ponder any problematical translation areas and solutions and ensure complete accuracy. They may work directly with the book's author, if possible.

Translation references such as foreign language dictionaries, lexicons, encyclopedias, and digital vocabulary banks are part of the book translator's toolbox. These resources are especially useful during the multiple revisions that book translators perform to ensure absolute accuracy. To make future translations easier, book translators may compile lists of common terminology, colloquialisms and other useful information.

Book translators continually learn about the cultural affairs of the people speaking the languages from which they translate. In addition to staying up-to-date on the countries' current events, book translators stay abreast on which new books are being published and are constantly reading books from native authors in countries where the translated language is spoken.

In order to obtain familiarity with the society where each language is spoken, book translators may engross themselves in the culture by traveling to the country, reading foreign newspapers and magazines, partaking in daily life activities, watching foreign films and listening to foreign music (Study.com, Glossary of Career Education programs).

I have here attached two videos for you to watch about becoming a translator, and on how translations are selected by publishers.  Watch both and share your thoughts!  Anyone interested?  Could there be some future literary translators out there?  Might be fun to get lost in the translation...fun and profitable!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXh8jIKYfYI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apCPzt-AVrs

KNOW THYSELF

Communication break-down can occur at any time and in many different settings.  There's Group Project Anxiety: everyone has great ideas at discussion meetings, but you feel like the only one with a sense of urgency to get any actual work done.  There's Discussion Frustration:  whenever you engage in a discussion with your group, you feel as if your thoughts and ideas are not valued or brushed aside with no regard to your feelings.  And finally, there is just sheer information overload: why is it that after a full day of school, you feel completely zapped of energy, consumed by an overwhelming need to be where people are not?

We all realize that we are social creatures.  We seek out and thrive within interpersonal relationships. We long to be heard and appreciated, to create and explore.  This is probably not new information.  Rewarding as they may be, however, relationships of every type are complex and not without their

difficulties.  People are different.  Where we come from, our experiences, our beliefs, and our DNA all go into who we are, how we see and interpret the world, and how we communicate.

Many corporations have invested large sums of money on consultants with one goal in mind:  to improve inter-office communication and efficiency.  Where do you begin?  The communicators, themselves!  Knowing who you are helps you to better understand how and why you communicate the way that you do.  Knowing who your co-workers are can help you better understand how to communicate with them more effectively and efficiently.

So, as Aristotle taught centuries ago, we will begin by seeking the wisdom that comes from knowing ourselves.  Here is a link to a personality inventory:  http://www.16personalities.com/free-personality-test  Once you complete the test, you can have your results emailed to yourself and you can read all about your personality type: how you relate to others, how others see you, how you work, etc.

The test takes about 20 minutes, but it provides a wealth of information as it analyzes four distinct areas of personality and then adds a fifth area that analyzes overall identity.  It is created from a combination of the infamous Myers/Briggs and Carl Jung's Theory of Psychological Types.  The four areas are explained as follows:

1.  Introversion vs Extroversion: (I vs. E) This is more than just "shy" vs. "outgoing."  In fact, according to Jung, it is really not about that at all.  It has to do more with where you get your energy.  Do you find yourself getting energized when you are around others, or do you find that you need to be away from people to re-energize?
2.  Intuitive vs. Sensing: (N vs. S) Intuitives are creative, imaginative and curious individuals who are open-minded.  They tend to go with novelty over stability and see/feel possibilities.  They tend to have strong discernment in new situations.  Sensing or Observant individuals are practical, pragmatic and down to earth.  They tend to have strong habits and rather than going with their gut, they are more focused on what has happened or what is happening.

3.  Feeling vs. Thinking: (F vs. T) Feeling individuals are sensitive and emotionally expressive.  They are more empathetic and tend to be less competitive than T's.  They tend to focus on social harmony and cooperation.   Thinkers focus on objectivity and rationality, prioritizing logic over emotion.  They tend to hide their feelings and value efficiency over cooperation.

4.  Judging vs. Perceiving or Prospecting: (J vs. P)  Judging personalities are decisive, thorough and highly organized.  They value clarity, predictability and closure preferring structure and planning to spontaneity.  Perceiving individuals are good at improvising and spotting opportunities.  They are flexible, relaxed, non-conformists who prefer to keep their options open.

Identity Variables of Assertive vs. Turbulent: (A vs. T)  Assertive types are confident, self-assured and pretty resistant to stress.  They do not push themselves too hard.  The turbulent types are self-conscious and sensitive to stress.  They are perfectionistic types who experience a wide array of emotions.

So, test away, and then comment by revealing assessed personality type and reflection on how knowing this information can help you communicate more effectively and understand how others communicate, as well.   I am an INFJ - T.  Your turn!

THE POWER OF LANGUAGE

"Don't get upset by what he said.  They're only words." 

 Does this statement, or any close variation of it sound familiar to you?  How many of you embrace it as your own philosophy?  How many of you would like to give the speaker a nice, firm sock in the arm?  Well, I am going to start the year in our first blog by making a bold statement (I know, seniors, big surprise, right?)  Here it goes:  Whether you acknowledge it to be true or not, your words have power.  Lots of it.  You may not feel very powerful when you utter them, but they are, as the great English proverb tells us, "Mightier than the sword."

Now, allow me to explain and expand.  For some, the words of others don't sting as much as they will for others, but whether you are tough as nails or a marshmallow when it comes to matters of the heart, those to whom you communicate may not fall into your same category.  For this reason, being a thoughtful, empathetic, yet clear communicator is a precious skill--especially for those of you who plan to be in any form of upper management.  The best leaders in any industry got there because they knew how to communicate.  They were aware of the great power of their words, and they used that power with skill and wisdom.

If not everyone receives the same words in the same spirit, than how do we become astute at the great art of communication?  Well, the answer is in the question:  it is an art, so we practice.  We test the waters.  Observe more than just verbal communication/language.  We communicate who we are to others in many different ways and within many unique nuances.  Reading people --really taking the time and presence of mind to actively listen to not just what they say but how they say it--can really tell you a lot.

In year one and year two of the IB Language and Literature, Diploma Program, we will be doing a lot of communicating with one another in various groups and partnerships, as well as all together on our blog.  You will have many opportunities to observe and learn from each other's communication style, and practice wielding your language "sword."  The spoken and written word both have their moment on the world's stage, and whether their influence is felt on a small or large scale, it is a moment that carries power for the listener: a moment in the ears can lead to a lifetime on the heart.  In his novel The Name of the Wind, Patrick Rothfus writes: "Words can light fires in the minds of men; words can wring tears from the hardest hearts."  See?  I'm not the only literary person to make those bold statements.

In the link below, you will have the opportunity to read Cat Thompson's article, The Power of Language.    Read through it, maybe even commit some of it to memory as a resource to use when you communicate.  See what happens!

You are powerful.  Whether written or spoken, your words carry the power to build someone up and bring life, or tear them down and bring death.

Just like that mighty sword the English were talking about.

https://experiencelife.com/article/the-power-of-language/


Just for fun....

The idea that language has great power is nothing new!  Even though our modern society is much more sensitized and defensive in nature (we seem to have lost the art to debate and replaced it with the great art of mudslinging in the public arena), in ancient times and during the Renaissance, the power of our language was acknowledged.  Here are a few famous quotes, including those collected from Proverbs in the Bible and the great bard, Shakespeare, himself:

TIGHTEN THE TENSION, HEIGHTEN THE STAKES: Why Readers prefer Fabulously Flawed to Picture Perfect

Shakespeare's plays open themselves up to a world of interpretation.  Whether in discourse, historical context, symbolism or intentions to leave the audience in conflict with themselves, there is no dispute about his plays lending themselves to every reader's response.

But regardless of your position on Taming of the Shrew,  whether you see is as satire or misogyny, one thing remains true:  it is the most adapted play in his canon, and always is sure to evoke a strong response in the audience, especially when it comes to the relationship between Kate and Petruchio.  It is the definition of  conflict:  is it hatred? Sexism? Is it control?  Or is it something more powerful than that, something that audiences of the stage, page and film reel find so irresistible in our most beloved characters and character relationships?

The more polite of us will describe it as "electricity" or "crackling chemistry."  The more straight to the point of us will call it exactly what it is; subtle or in your face, novelists and playwrights know it as...dare we say it?  Okay, here it goes....sexual tension.

The best writers know that the best way to captivate and seduce your audience when it comes to tension is to start subtle, and move slow.  Gradual, little nibbles of character revelation through dialogue and point/counter- point rather than large gulps of character revelation in an information dump.

We don't show our whole hand to one another upon the first, second or even the third meeting.  We

don't expect our favorite characters to, either.  We delight in what they hold back, what is underneath the surface, because that is what draws us in;  we, the reader now have a part to play in the story.  We are reading between the lines, concentrating as much on what isn't said as we do on what is implicit.  We have an active role in the characters' lives that is charged with all sorts of possibilities!

Some of the most beloved couples in literature, theater and on the silver screen are timeless because of this conflict--the tension--that draws the two characters in and then just as suddenly repels them like some kind of crazy magnetic force:  Harry and Sally, Rhett and Scarlett, Ilsa and Rick, Baby and Johnny, Sandy and Danny, Westley and Buttercup,  Elizabeth and Will, Jack and Rose, Edward and Bella, Romeo and Juliet...the list goes on and on.  (Recognize any of these?)

Just for fun, I am going to give you four scenarios that play with "tension."  Look at each one.  Analyze carefully for tone, characterization, diction and imagery.  What is the writer doing to pull you in?  Which one works best for you and why?  How are the stakes ultimately heightened?  (See below where it says "Click Here" for your examples).  Here's an upfront admission:  none of the characters are picture perfect.  There is no Prince Charming meets Princess Perfect and the two immediately declare their love and live happily ever after.  WE LOVE COMPLICATIONS!  Okay, so, sometimes they frazzle our nerves, but they remind us of the messy, mixed up, all too uncertain moments that make up real life.  They get our heart rates escalated and our adrenaline racing. The conflict on the page and stage becomes the conflict in our souls.

We connect.  We hope for what we know the characters ultimately want and what we want for them.  Love him or hate him, Petruchio has our attention...and he certainly may be the first and only man who got Kate's.

He that knows better how to tighten the tension...let him speak!

Have fun!

Click Here

FINDING THE WILL FOR SHAKESPEARE...

To read Shakespeare, or not to read Shakespeare, that is the question.   This week, the junior class of IB Language and Literature, year 1 have taken on the challenge and begun our exploration of one of my favorite of his comedies, The Taming of the Shrew.   Senior class, many of you are experiencing a revisit to your notes on Taming of the Shrew as you prepare for your final IOCs.  Overwhelmed yet?  Fear not, my dear scholars.  It’s time to screw your courage to the sticking place, take out your pencil and highlighters, and get ready to read, mark, prepare, and (for the junior class, at least,) perform!

Truth will out, Shakespeare’s titles may be found all over the required reading lists in just about every American high school.   If you major in English, you will also be required to join we few, we happy few, we band of brothers who have taken an entire year-long course just focused on studying the great bard and his works.  For those who love his writing and the English language in general, there can never be too much of a good thing when it comes to Shakespeare.

Does untangling his semantical spider web have you up and arms?  When handed one of his plays, do you mourn and lament: “Woe is me?”  Well, my dear scholars here is the long and short of it:  his entire body of work together is like a precious stone set in the silver sea.  It is the stuff dreams are made of, for the primrose path that winds through and connects all great literature begins with the Bible, and all the works of Shakespeare.  Knowing these works puts you in the happy place of being able to sift through the rich literary allusions that sparkle like little gems of wisdom in classic and modern works, alike.  They are the keys to realizing that through this world of rich rhetoric may be madness, there is a method in it.

Thereby hangs a tale.  Reading Shakespeare, however, is not enough. You must experience it, as the playwright, himself, intended.  Sigh with the star-crossed lovers, feel the love and angst of Romeo and weep with his Lady Juliet; plot with Lady Macbeth to build a kingdom for her husband, stand amidst the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune and hair-splicing sharp wit that can be found in Hamlet and The Taming of the Shrew.  When a Shakespearean play is opened, the game is afoot, and the stage must be set properly where it belongs:  ON THE STAGE!

There are, as in everything, the naysayers who believe the world’s obsession with the great bard of Stratford Upon Avon is much ado about nothing, but I say to all of them, the more fool you!  When it comes to Shakespeare, I wear my heart upon my sleeve; his words, his characters, his themes are like good deeds that shine in a naughty world; and, as good luck would have it, I get to read and act out these words along with you over the next five weeks, and with my Will Power Troupe after school, as well. 

If it is true what the bard says that brevity is the soul of wit, well then, I guess that this blog may be a sorry sight.   But when writing anything to honor William Shakespeare, it is important to take great care, and choose the words very carefully, so that age will not wither it, nor custom stale its infinite variety.   Putting it simply, the be all and end all is this: 

All the World’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players:  They have their exits and their entrances, and one man in his time plays many parts. 

The play’s the thing…and the thing is life!

Juniors, enjoy these two articles about Shakespeare in today’s world.  I have also included two videos that show how Shakespeare continues to inspire children of today.  Seniors, will you please take this time to reflect on your experience with Shakespeare, especially Taming of the Shrew, and those who traveled with Will Power, or have been a part of Will Power, we would like to hear your reflections on the bard (and your favorites!) as well!   I look forward to your reflections!

(PS:  Hidden within this blog are twenty eight Shakespearean sayings.  Can you find them all?)

Articles:

http://www.utsa.edu/ovations/vol8/story/shakespeare.html

http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/phrases-sayings-shakespeare.html

Videos: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJ6ACZYTCVU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDk92VewRQA

SO....NOW WHAT? Taking my Learning from the Classroom to the Community

One  of the big goals of the DP program is to assist scholars as they navigate through what they have learned and discussed in class about language and literature and figure out a way to apply their knowledge to benefits their community.  That is quite a mouthful, right?  But really, when you get right down to it, knowledge is meant not only to enrich the learner, but also to be applied in some meaningful way...

With The Scarlet Letter, we discovered that while it was a story set in Puritan times hundreds of years ago, the themes of secrets, shame, revenge and hypocrisy still ring very true today.  We think we have come so far and changed so much since then as a society, but really we are all still very flawed human beings.  Technology aside, we will often find we have a lot in common with our ancestors.  In stories like Monica Lewinsky's from our last blog post and many others like hers, we learn that public shaming has a new forum:  the internet and social media.  While it may not be against the law to "sin" as Hester Prynne did, the consequential shaming and humiliation along with the hypocrisy of the finger pointers are still all too familiar.  As Duncan Robinson put it, we now place each other on "pixillated scaffolds" and leer at the scene through our screens.

What do we do then with this knowledge?  How do we make a change?  It is words typed in comments and clicked across the world that condemn, and ultimately, it can be words speaking out in encouragement that can save.  We can form groups dedicated to stop cyberbullying.  We can speak up and teach the younger generations.  It can start small--in your own school yards--but with passion and determination to make a positive difference, it can be cast out like a large fishing net to cover greater ground and change lives forever.

We are concluding our mini-unit on Gender and Sexuality in language as sort of a precursor to Taming

of the Shrew,  but we have also raised and discussed some very significant issues in our lives and world today.  While it can always be improved, America is unique in its treatment of women as a whole.  Most people from Generation X forward believe in equal pay and treatment for women.  We will raise the outcry when we see abuse and harassment all the way to the courthouses.  We teach our daughters that they can become anything they want to become, as long as they set their minds to it, and we teach our sons to treat women with honor and respect.  It is easy in our little corner of the world to believe that this is the norm everywhere else...until something in the news or television gives us the gut-wrenching realization that this is as far from the truth as East is from West...

Let's take a trip to India.  Unlike the United States, most marriages there are arranged between two families, and it is not unusual for the groom's family to expect a dowry to be paid.  A dowry is money or property paid upfront for the privilege of marrying their son.  If the dowry cannot be paid up front or over time, or if the groom's family demands more later and the bride's family cannot pay, horrific action is often taken against the bride by the groom's family.  The most popular form of actions are called "kitchen accidents," or, more accurately, bride burning.  Even though the dowry practice was outlawed in 1961, tradition runs deep in the society and it is estimated that seventeen brides are killed or severely injured in this manner each day for failure to pay their dowry.   Any children from this unwanted bride are thrown out and become homeless.

If the woman manages to survive the "accident," it is culturally

considered a disgrace for her own family to take her back in, so she is left to die, or to seek help elsewhere.  Organizations like Hope International have created safe houses for these women and their children where they can receive medical treatment, food and shelter.  If the woman does not survive her injuries, and this is more often than not the case, the organization, which operates under the donations and support of others, will care for her children. These organizations are speaking out against the atrocities against women in India and seeking change within India's government.

Afghanistan is considered the most dangerous place in the world to "be a woman."  Let's stop and consider that statement for a moment.  Can you imagine being in danger merely because of your gender, something over which you have no control, something that should be as natural as sunshine or rain; can you imagine having your very existence threatened because you are a woman?  Consider these statistics from UN Data, CIA World Fact Book and Afghanistan Relief Organization:  Many women in Afghanistan die in pregnancy and childbirth, with 460 deaths for every 100,000 live births; 85% of women have no formal education and are illiterate; and the life expectancy for a woman is 51.  More than 50% of Afghan girls are married or engaged by the age of 12 and married by 16.  Most will marry far older men--some in their late 60's--whom they meet for the first time at their wedding.  This early marriage is prompted by the high risk of

kidnapping and rape by rival tribes.  Some girls are bartered into marriage to repay a  debt or resolve a dispute.  Since women are considered property, and legally their testimony in court counts as only 1/2 that of a man, this is not considered abusive or wrong.

In Kabul, it is not at all uncommon for young girls and women to be admitted to the hospital shortly after marriage with injuries like internal bleeding, burns, or broken limbs.  Young wives have low status in the family, and are treated like slaves by their in-laws.  If a woman is widowed, she must depend on her husband's family for survival.  If this is not possible, she is forced to beg or engage in prostitution to keep herself and her children fed.  If a young woman runs away, or refuses to marry as her father dictates, she is often beaten, burned, disfigured, disowned and abandoned or killed by her own family.

Many people shrug and say, "It's a matter of cultural differences.  We shouldn't intervene and cannot possibly understand."  While I concur  that cultural differences certainly do sometimes cloud our perceptions looking in from the outside, I cannot help but shudder.  Does this, then, become a sort of "pass" from treating other human beings with dignity and respect?  Is this claim of "cultural differences" a significant enough justification to maim, disfigure, rape, abuse and/or kill?

The study of language and literature is a lot more than reading great novels, dissecting and connecting to the themes, and constructing excellent pieces of writing with exceptional grammar.  This year, we have looked at our literature and our language within the overall theme of "The Power of Words."  Whether we speak them, write them, text them, blog or think them, words assign meaning.  They give us identity, expression, and cultivate understanding.  As Hawthorne said, (and I paraphrase), in the dictionary, they are harmless; but oh, the power they have when in the hands or mouth or one who knows how to use them! Just words so often bring imprisonment, abuse and death, words are also the things that can kindle freedom, healing, and abundance of life.  We now know a little bit more about shaming, humiliating, cyberbulling, and gender-based abuse.  We know how language can be used to hurt and heal, kill and save.  You have the knowledge.  What will YOU do with it?

 Below, there is an article about the practice of bride burning in India along with two videos from India and Afghanistan.  Read and watch.  Then, comment on what really convicted you: what issues are you most passionate about?  How can/will you use your knowledge of the power of language and communication to bring positive change in our world?

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Kalpana_Sharma/the-other-half-burn-dowry-not-women/article2856945.ece

Video #1 (India):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtHgTf67hzc
Video #2 (Afghanistan):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X2hGQ7V_Ro

SHAMED TO DEATH: WEARING THE SCARLET LETTER IN TODAY'S VIRTUAL WORLD

Reading the Scarlet Letter is something high school English teachers have insisted upon for years.  It's a classic.  Its author is said to have forged a glittering path for great American literature.  It is a culturally significant work to which many sayings, subsequent works of literature, and films have alluded.  This is all true.  As we read a work like this, it is easy to get caught up and tangled in the older more eloquent language and the extremely religious lifestyle and culture of American Puritans.  As we read Hester's story, we shake our heads in disbelief.  Who could imagine a society in which personal private decisions are against the law, and punishable in a very public way?

Adultery, while a breach of the marriage contract, is not a legal matter anymore.  It is not against the law to be punishable by prison time and social ostracization.  But we are very naive if we believe that private decisions and actions/behaviors go unpunished in today's society.  We are even more naive if we believe that sins like promiscuity or adultery do not face heavy social penalties despite the fact that they are not within arm's reach of the law.

If Hester Prynne were alive and real today, she may not have spent three months in a physical jail cell, but in many ways, I am sure it would have felt like that.  There are no more town center platforms complete with hanging scaffolds and stocks, but social media has raised public humiliation to an all time new high and extended the critical stares and pointing fingers out and beyond the town walls.

So, while we may not be able to imagine living in a society that can legally have a person shunned and socially banned for scandalous decisions, the effect is ultimately the same:  the one charged with the sin and convicted on Facebook, Twitter or Snapchat is still left with a very clear message that he or she is social pariah.

I find it quite appropriate that we concluded our reading of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter in the light of the season of Lent.  Many of us will be observing Lent, a time when we reflect on our significance, the preciousness of life, and the grace of redemption.  This is what Hester Prynne sought in the sunlit forest.  It is what many people today seek in the warmth of a smile, a kind word, a forgiving heart or a compassionate ear.

In the following TED Talk, Monica Lewinsky, a woman all too familiar with living in the spotlight of technologically advanced shaming, shares a little bit of her personal story of what it is like to be branded with the scarlet A, and explains why she has chosen this time in her  life to stand up and do something about it.  The biggest message?  The price of shame since Hester's time has escalated, and sometimes it is ultimately too high for the victim to pay.   Watch the video and then comment on two things:  what spoke to you the loudest and what YOU will personally do to change our shame culture today.

We live in interesting times.  We feel more sophisticated, yet our own petty and cruel natures still surface in even more deadly ways. We feel more accepting of different beliefs and lifestyles, yet have the ability to smear a man's or woman's reputation irreparably with the click of the mouse.  We shake our heads at racism, sexism, and discrimination and then turn to our friends and share  malicious gossip about someone else, all the time telling ourselves, "I may make mistakes, but I would NEVER do what she did!"  So, that begs the question then:  what do we do?

When gossip is shared in the hallways, walk away.  Don't take part in it or even give it your listening ear.  If someone is being bullied or whispered about, stand up for him or her rather than remaining silent. And, if someone is being ostracized or shamed online, reach out to the victim and counter it with a word of encouragement and then report it.  Brene Brown, psychologist and expert on shame, tells us that "shame cannot survive empathy."  The price of public shaming can ultimately be death: emotional and, if it gets too hard to bear, physical.  The weapon we need to fight this deadly poison is compassion.

Make sure your arsenals are full.

https://www.ted.com/talks/monica_lewinsky_the_price_of_shame?language=en